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okay for this session I'm going to do something just a little different rather
than just give you some audio you get to see me talk about the chemical process
industry the set of slides is very short because the types of things that you
would do as a process technician for the chemical processing plant is going to be
very similar to that that we would do for the refinery there are a few
differences so let's talk about some terms there are some things called basic
chemicals or commodity chemicals those are chemicals that are usually done in
large quantities those are going to be sometimes they're going to be
intermediates sometimes they're going to be final
products for example let's take benzene if I make benzene it can be an
intermediate in a process such as if I'm trying to make a pharmaceutical coal I
do protein I might have to have a starting material of benzene but benzene
may be a process of a final process say at a refinery I may actually produce
benzene as a product but benzene would be a commodity or basic chemical because
it's produced in large quantities it's used by multiple industries it's used
for a variety of different things and I can use it for a variety of different
products this is a little different than a specialty chemical a specialty
chemical is going to be a very kind of it you may still have a large quantity
of it but it's going to be used for one or two different things for example
let's say I'm making vanillin I'm making vanilla that would be more of a
specialty chemical because I'm using it to make a very specific thing and I'm
not going to do it in the same type of quantity it's a Finzi now vanillin is
another interesting piece because vanillin comes from the vanilla bean and
that's a flavoring that we use but I can also produce vanillin synthetically I
can take two basic building block chemicals run it through a chemical
reaction and produce a molecule that looks exactly like the molecule that I
would extract X extract out of the vanilla bean so I have a basic chemical
that's going to be our large quantity chemical I
commodity chemicals which are sometimes referred to as basic chemicals because
those are going to be our building blocks
I have synthetic chemicals and vanillin can come from a natural source or can
come from a chemical process and then I have specialty chemicals which are very
dedicated processes as well now refinery can also be a petrochemical
complex let's take border Texas for example at
border Texas is there's a natural gas processing plant there's a refinery and
then there's a specialty chemical plant so that's a petrochemical facility there
the petrochemical facility will take the chemicals that are made from petroleum
products so I make those precursors say over at the natural gas processing I get
things like heptane hexane very similar solvents those commodity type chemicals
take them over to cross the fist into a different kind of a process and make
specialty chemicals out of it the border refinery does a lot of sulfur chemistry
so there's a lot of sulfur chemicals that are made of specialty chemicals but
those are petroleum-based chemicals so those are called petrochemicals so we
have that kind of a definition one of the differences that you might find at a
chemical processing plant then you would say a refinery is I might have batch
processing a refinery runs 24 hours a day seven days a week it's a continuous
process we bring the crude oil in the plant runs those intermediates go from
one process unit to the next process unit and so forth now I can do some
chemical processes that way I can run them continuously but a lot of chemical
process is a run in batch which means that I'm going to add the ingredients to
a reactor let the reactor stir maybe get to a certain temperature maybe put in a
catalyst do something along the way to have a chemical reaction happen and I
will time that reaction for a period of time or until the reaction goes to
completion I shut down the process and then I take the chemicals out so a batch
process is a little different than a continuous process so when you're going
through after you're going to look at some of
the history of the chemical processing one interesting thing about the chemical
processing was a lot of chemistry was done in chemical manufacturing was done
in Germany prior to World War two and World War two really spurred the
chemical industry in the United States so we have a lot of different things
there so you might look at that history a little bit I also encourage you to go
to the American Chemical Chemistry Council website to learn how the
chemical industry interacts on a state-by-state basis what kinds of
things happen in chemical processing chemical processing has a number of
different segments we do the basic and the specialty chemicals those kind of
seem obvious but then there's paints coatings and adhesives
there's the pharmaceuticals and medicines there are the agrochemicals
such as nitrogen and the fertilizer chemicals and all of those pesticides
and herbicides there's a big huge agribusiness think about Monsanto
Monsanto at one point in time with a basic commodity chemical company now
they're an agrochemical company so you can really look at differences there
there are other types of different segments you've got the pharmaceuticals
we talked about paints and coatings we talked about agrochemicals there's
what's not mentioned in the chemical processing book is things like our
polymer chemicals polypropylene polyethylene those are chemical type
complexes as well so look at the different segments there are a variety
of different chemical segments look at the American Chemistry Council so you
can see some things that are happening there one thing we haven't really talked
about yet and on both of these different aspects are the safety aspects of both
of these industries safety is a key issue it is not just an add-on to your
job it is something that you're really going to have to incorporate in your job
and it's something that you have to deal with every day not only are we dealing
with large volumes of material we're dealing with high temperatures and
pressures we're dealing with different different hazards so
stated with the chemicals themselves for example crude oil is going to be
volatile it's going to be flammable we can have fire fire would be a potential
hazard as we get into specialty chemicals and more of the petroleum
chemicals I may have other hazards if we generate hydrogen sulfide I may have an
asphyxiation hazard I may have hazards associated with the material itself so
look at those safety aspects as well so for your homework this time what you
will have is reading the chapter go through the slides the slides aren't
that detailed and the job duties and the processing equipment are very very
similar than what you saw with the petroleum or the oil and gas industry
but I want you to go to that American Chemical Council or chemistry council
page and really kind of look at the industry look at that infographic I gave
you a link to look at what kinds of jobs are available because as a process
technician you may start at a refinery but you may ultimately end up dealing
with a chemical process because not all refineries are just based on getting
producing gasoline they actually a lot of them have chemical processes in their
facilities so good luck and contact me if you have any questions and go from
there
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