Hi. So this is the fourth video. If you haven't seen the videos before, I really
recommend that you see them. There is the logic of how I got here. Remember these
videos are long, so make sure you have your sandwich and water, or soda
depending on how unhealthy you want to be, and sit down, take a moment; you can
pause me at any time, go and check the blog, and then you can play continue to
play, and let's go! So I want to clarify one very important key thing, and it has
to do with real versus wish. Now I start with a very simple example: I want to be
a good baker, and every time that I look at a cake on television, and I see how
beautiful it is, I think I can do that too. So my wish is to make this beautiful
cake that you can see in the blog, but my reality
wha-wha-wha is very different, so in my mind I am a chef, but in reality I am not.
I'm just a teacher. So now - teacher Leslie would be able to
do something in this fantastic world, but real Leslie cannot do it so when I'm
talking about fantasy Leslie, fantasy chef Leslie, I would use would, and when
I'm talking about real Leslie, I would have to use will, so that is how I break
reality from fantasy. I know that in Russian you have subjunctive, and this
is how you use it, but the problem is translating; so try very hard not to
translate them as we go understanding those key elements, and this will help you
understand the logic or lack of logic in the English language. And here are more
examples: I will pay my bills on Monday. That's reality - I would like to pay my
bills if I had more money. I still have more bills, I don't have money but I have
the intention. I will work on this project this month, so this
is happening, or I would like to work in Rome but I don't have a visa. So here I'm
telling you I want to do it, but I don't, I can't do it, so I'm telling you about
my wishes but not necessarily my reality. These notions are mixed in conditionals
and this is very important, and we're going to subdivide fantasy into another
two areas: One when it's just a wish, but there is still the possibility of it
happening, and the second one when it's more of a mirage, when it's more of an
illusion, when you something that you know it will never happen, there is no
way this will happen, and this is a little bit in the fantasy realm. Again if
you haven't seen the videos, I recommend that you do. But let's take two key
ingredients from the previous videos: One will - we talk about impulse or immediate
future, and two perfect tense - we are talking about an action being very
important not necessarily time. So let's start with an easy one
and that is zero conditional, and this has to do with cause - effect. This is very
literal, so present simple, present simple the idea is action one happens, action
two will be affected. So it's present because we believe it's to be
real, we are using present for future, and we don't need to speculate. Again, if you
saw my videos before, in future tense when we're sure of something we use
present simple, you are 99% confident. Now, this structure is based in reality we
use this conditional to show an outcome that happens if a specific condition is
met. Like if Leslie learns to read. And the verb in the if clause, and in the
main clause are both in present, and don't forget third-person: doesn't or an
s to that verb. Now it as per the suggestion of fellow Russian teacher, I
decided to add adverbs to explain the concept of time. So if the computer
breaking becomes infected today, or immediately in the future, the
antivirus activates immediately afterwards. So we are still talking about
a possible future in present, but we're guaranteeing it will happen, so we use
this structure when we're talking about facts, when we're talking about routines,
when we're talking about something that continuously happens, because there's no
hesitation: X happens Y happens. If X doesn't happen Y doesn't happen. We need
to be confident, so we use this for general laws or general truths. Yes. My
favourite example is: if Leslie eats chocolate she gains weight, and that's
the truth because every time I eat chocolate boom! So ain't that the truth huh.
Now let's start to speculate, and this is when we use first conditional, so we go
from present to an immediate future with will. Now basically, what we're doing here
is we're saying that one will cause the other. For example, let's imagine me
snowboarding, again in my imagination, I am an athlete, so I would do beautifully,
but if you see this, you would understand that will happen like the picture
in the blog. So consequently, you will be able to decide - ok that person will be
a good athlete, this person won't be a good athlete. So here we speculate what
will be the result, and we are connecting the present to an immediate future. If I
drink tequila, I will have fun, if I don't finish my assignments, I will be in
trouble. Cause - consequence. We use this conditional to show the likely or
possible outcome that will probably happen. It's still a real-life situation,
the if clause is in present, the next one is an immediate future. Make sure to
always put that s with third person, and doesn't in the negative, and my metaphor
here is that this is like dominoes, so one hits and the other one falls. If X
happens Y happens. Again, based on the suggestions, I have
decided to put a little bit of adverbs of time, so if I drink tequila at the bar,
I will relax and sleep well tonight, so we're talking about future. If I don't
finish my assignment tomorrow, I'm talking in present linked to
future, I will be in trouble with my teacher in further away future, so future,
future. Present to future. Again don't translate, it doesn't work. This is important both
situations are in present for an immediate future, because we are
confident, and we're just leaving a very small margin of error. So if we're not
talking about reality, what do we use? Here is when we step from zero and first
to the next conditionals. This is probably the most difficult to
understand because, why are we talking about the future in past? Now the idea is
that we basically are moving from reality, that we express in simple
present or future, to fantasy; and when we express it in past, we're basically saying
"it's not real." Like we say the coulda shoulda woulda, don't mean they are
reality, so here we cross that line, we go from a real situation, and those that we
can imagine as a probability. We often use this time to talk about something we
wished or we desired, but we don't know if it could be real, maybe that's why we
use the past, because it's kind of a way of childishly hoping that we could go
back and change our reality, but we can't; however, with the second conditional
there's still a little bit of possibility, maybe a little crazy, but
it's still possible, it's still achievable. An example of an unlikely
situation: if he won the lottery he would quit his job. He can win the
lottery, the lottery does exist, and he can quit his job; but he doesn't have it
yet, so he can't do it. Another example is: if I had wings I would fly to
Antarctica. Now actually that's kind of a silly example - if I had wings I would
like to Cuba, but details. Wings exist maybe in a fantastic idea, but it's still
kind of probable, it's just expressing a wish, so we use this conditional to
express to something unlikely or impossible, and that probably won't
happen unless a specific condition happens, so if I grow wings I can fly, if
I win the lottery I can quit my job; and I'm still expressing that I wish that
this first thing happens, so this first thing has to happen for me to be able to
do this, so there's always that I can step on this and jump into the water, we
use the past tense, again because we know it's unreal. And a strange rule is that
even with first person, or third person we use - were. This is different from grammar tests to real language.
In real life, when we talk, we do use was. When we do a test, a formal test, you should use were, so be very careful
it's better to go with were in a formal test, and was in real life, but if you have any hesitation
learn were, and then shift back; because it's better to be with the rule than
against the rule. I wanted just to add adverbs of time to clarify this concept,
so if you won - past, the lottery tomorrow morning's, again future, he would quit his
job tomorrow afternoon. So again, if this condition happened in the future then I
would, the second condition would happen, and I'm expressing it in past because
it's not real. In other words, if extraordinary condition X happened, then
there would be the option of condition Y happening, or Y, you know who you
are, the mix of a possibility intertwining when the reality is the
basis of this conditional. So again, we're shifting from present reality to past
speculation, and this is my favourite example: I look like this, so there are
people that I could possibly attract, like that very handsome gentleman, but
there are people that would never be attracted to a person like me, like a
Seth MacFarlane. The last person, Charles Chaplin has
passed away, so even if for some reason he went a little crazy, and decided to go
out with me, it's impossible: he's dead! The first one it can be zero or first, I
called him Salvatore, the second one Mr. Seth MacFarlane. I was going to basically
use the second conditional, and the third one is the next explanation that we
continue with, so let's go. Remember how I said that you have to have a little bit
of a step in reality to be able to jump? That idea that if I had this even if
it's very difficult to create, if I had this, then I could have this. But what if
you know that you will never have it, that it's not an option, that it's zero,
and you want to express that, you want to express that the pain of knowing that
it's never an option, that's when we use the third conditional. So in this
conditional, things will not change, the future is not affected, Charles Chaplin
will never come back, I will never meet him, and I understand that I can still
meet Seth MacFarlane; but I will never meet Charles Chaplin. So again we focus
into the past, we understand the irony we are having this wish, there is nothing we
can do, and this is why we use the perfect tense, because it's about that
we're focusing on the situation, the action, the details are irrelevant
because they're impossible. A few examples here, if I had remembered to
call my friend last night she wouldn't have send me an angry text message, or
the second one was, this is, I like this one, better, if I had bought Google stock in
1990 I would have been a millionaire by 25. I didn't do it. I can't do it. There's
no way to do it, and I just want to complain. So we show regret, we wish that
there was a different outcome but we know, we are aware that
it will never happen. Another example - this house was too expensive so I didn't
buy it. I would have bought the house if it hadn't been so expensive, One, I know
the house won't change the price. Two, I still have no house. Three, it won't
change. Four, I'm just complaining. I'm just saying that it's not going to change. We
use this a lot to express regret. Example, I drink vodka, I call my ex. So I'm
still hungover. My ex knows I called him, I can't erase his phone. I am angry. If I
hadn't drunk so much vodka I wouldn't have made this terrible mistake.
And my dear Russians. I know you don't drink a lot a lot of vodka, but you know what
people do when they drink vodka, and how they talk the next day. You know the
"I will never drink again." Haha. Remember that one? This
conditional is not very common, because we don't necessarily speculate what
would have happened in the past. We know what really happened.
Adding adverbs of time, sometimes I wish I didn't have to rent an apartment. I
would have bought that house we saw last January if it hadn't been so expensive.
Now that I have the money the house has already been sold to another person. So
my window, my chance was gone. A real-life example: I'm a language teacher. My
parents wanted me to study law, so the idea is is there an alternative reality
where Leslie is a lawyer. No disrespect to lawyers, I would have loved to be a
lawyer, but in my reality I'm a teacher, in the parallel universe I'm a lawyer, so
the idea is that is there two parallel universes, and with this grammatical
tense I'm expressing that at one point in the past it could have changed, but
it's not real now. So we use the perfect tense for absolute unfulfilled wishes,
and for regrets of things not done in the past, focusing on these actions and
knowing the outcome will not change. We use this conditional: we express regrets,
we complain, we have emotional outburst, yes
Canadians have emotional outburst, especially when they
play hockey or drink beer; and we express anger and sadness with this structure.
And finally I put a little bit more information. So I really hope this helps
linking everything together. If you have any questions leave them in the comments
down below. Remember that to LIKE and subscribe to this channel. Tell other
people. Take your time, read everything, because you don't want to continue to
make the same mistakes over, and over and over. As always have a wonderful day!
Kisses take care.
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