The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle or PSLV is a third generation expendable launch system
developed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
It was developed to allow India to launch satellites into Sun-synchronous orbits.
In 2008 PSLV successfully launched India's first lunar probe Chandrayaan-1 and in 2013
PSLV launched India's first interplanetary mission Mangalyaan or Mars orbiter mission
and in 2015 PSLV launched India's first space observatory Astrosat.
On 15 February 2017, PSLV successfully launched a payload of 104 foreign satellites in polar
orbit.
PSLV vehicle is well known and most reliable rocket of India but many people don't know
that PSLV rocket has 3 variants.
The PSLV launch vehicle has mainly three variants PSLV G, PSLV CA or Core alone and PSLV XL.
Let's see the main differences between these PSLV variants.
Let's starts with Height, all the variants of PSLV have same height of 44.4 meter.
The Diameter of PSLV rocket is also same for all three variants, it is 2.8 meter.
The Lift off mass of PSLV G is 295 tonnes and lift off mass of PSLV CA is around 230
tonnes but PSLV XL has lift off mass greater than first two versions, it is around 320
tonnes.
Now payload launching capacity of PSLV rocket to Low earth orbit (LEO), This orbit ranges
from 160 km to 2000 km, in this orbit satellite mostly pass over or near the poles.
For one complete revolution around the Earth, satellites in this orbit take around 90 minutes.
The PSLV G can launch 3200 kg payload to LEO and PSLV CA can launch 2100 kg payload to
LEO While PSLV XL can launch up to 4000 kg of payload to low earth orbit.
Now Payload launching capacity to sun synchronous orbit SSO, this orbit ranges from 600km to
800km.
This orbit is a geocentric orbit that combines altitude and inclination in such a way that
the satellite passes over any given point of the planet's surface at the same local
solar time.
Such an orbit can place a satellite in constant sunlight and is useful for imaging, spy, and
weather satellites.
The PSLV G can launch 1600 kg to SSO and PSLV CA can launch 1100 kg to SSO while PSLV XL
can launch payload of up to 1900 kg to SSO.
Now payload launching capacity to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO), This orbit is 35,786
km above sea level.
For one complete revolution around the Earth, satellites in this orbit take around 24 hours.
PSLV G can launch 1150 kg of payload to GTO.
The PSLV CA can launch up to 754 kg of payload to GTO although PSLV CA never intended to
launch anything to GTO while PSLV XL can launch up to 1440 kg of payload to GTO.
All the version of PSLV launch vehicle is 4 stage vehicle.
All the version of PSLV in the first stage uses S139 solid rocket motor, the second stage
is powered by single Vikash engine, the third stage uses HPS3 motor and finally forth state
uses two L 2.5 engine.
The forth stage of PSLV CA uses 400kg less propellant than other PSLV version.
The PSLV G uses six S9 strap-on solid boosters which carries 9 tonnes of propellant and the
PSLV CA does not use any booster while PSLV XL uses lager booster than PSLV G, it uses
S12 strap on solid booster which uses 12 tonnes of propellant.
PSLV G took the first flight on 20 September 1993, PSLV CA took the first flight on 23
April 2007 and PSLV XL took the first flight on 22 October 2008.
The total number of launch of PSLV G is 12 but out of 12 launches 10 launch was successful
and 1 launch was failed with 1 partial launch failure.
The total number of launch of PSLV CA is 11 and all the 11 launches was successful, the
total number of launches of PSLV XL is 16 and all the 16 launches was successful.
The success rate of PSLV G is 84 %, The success rate of PSLV Ca and XL is absolute 100 %. The
launching cost of each PSLV G is 12 to 15 million dollar and launching cost of each
PSLV CA is just $12 million and The Launching cost of each PSLV XL is between 15 to 20 million
dollar.
All the version of PSLV is currently active.
And finally the Conclusion the PSLV CA, PSLV G and PSLV XL is low, medium and heavy payload
launching vehicle to Leo.
The PSLV CA is economical vehicle and it is currently best option to launch lighter payload
to LEO.
The PSLV XL is far superior than its earlier version in all aspects.
Till date around 180 foreign satellite of 23 different countries are launch by PSLV
vehicle.
It is expected that India is going to take around 10 to 15 percent of total world's
over $300 billion space market.




For more infomation >> Man found dead in vehicle - Duration: 0:22. 

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