(cosmic music)
- The most interesting thing
will be to connect your neocortex
to the cloud.
I can't communicate wirelessly with the cloud today,
I do that through my devices
so I have to take the device out
and use my fingers and my eyes.
We'll do that directly from my neocortex
'cause these devices
they'll be communicating with each other
on a local area network within your brain
and also communicating with the internet and the cloud
and they will extend human thinking.
So, I mean, one scenario is just to do information services
like search and translation directly from your brain
without having to bother to take out these devices
and there is a communication bottleneck
in that it's particularly slow to type
on these little devices
or you can use speech, but that's also slow.
So we'll be able to do it directly from our brain
but that's not even the most interesting thing,
the most interesting thing
will be for your neocortex to extend itself
with synthetic neocortex in the cloud.
So, your smartphone, I mentioned,
is several billion times more powerful per dollar
than the computer I used when I was an undergraduate
because of the exponential growth
but it can then multiply itself another million-fold
by connecting to a million computers in the cloud.
The most interesting things that happen
with your smartphone,
doing a search, or translation,
or some other type of intelligent transaction,
doesn't take place in the device
even though it's a billion times more powerful per dollar
than computers from circa 1960s.
It takes place in the millions of computers
it communicates with wirelessly.
We can't do that from our brains directly.
We do that indirectly, as I mentioned,
through these devices.
We'll do it directly,
and the most interesting application
will be to actually connect to synthetic neocortex.
It works just like your biological neocortex
and your thinking there will be a hybrid
of your biological thinking,
the 300 million neocortical modules we all have,
and a certain number of neocortical modules
that are simulated in the cloud.
Now, the cloud
is pure information technology.
It is subject to the law of accelerating returns.
It is doubling in power now every year as we speak.
That will continue, so, you remember I mentioned
two million years ago
we got this additional neocortex in our foreheads,
that was a one shot deal
because that made our skulls bigger
and made childbirth challenging,
they couldn't keep growing
because childbirth would've been impossible,
so it was a one shot deal,
but it was enough additional neocortex to put us over
the threshold to invent language and art and science
and technology.
Now technology is going to pick up
from what happened two million years ago.
This additional neocortex that's synthetic
that's in the cloud
that won't be a one shot deal,
that's going to continue to expand.
That's going to be subject
to the law of accelerating returns.
Ultimately, our thinking will be predominated
by the synthetic neocortex.
It's going to ultimately be so powerful and so smart,
it'll be able to fully understand the biological part
and model it and back it up.
And one of the nice things about any digital technology
is it's backed up.
That's not true of our brains yet.
Some people talk about capturing the mind file.
Well the mind file will be largely in the cloud
because our thinking will be largely in the cloud.
And as I say, the cloud will ultimately be smart enough
to kinda understand what's going on in the biological part
so all of it'll be backed up.
So, at that point,
we are a hybrid,
but the hybrid has largely become sort of cloud-based.
You know, as we go into the 2040s,
that's really the singularity
by the middle of the 2040s.
And as for knowing who's who,
that's an issue already.
I mean, people communicate in the cloud
by going into some chat room and it's already an issue.
Are people really who they say they are?
And there can be forms of abuse using that
where people claim to be someone else.
Or forms of economic theft.
There's all kinds of negative scenarios that are done today.
And we're increasing our technology to verify who's who,
I think actually that capability
is outpacing the ability of people to fool other people,
but we're not there yet.
Privacy is a big issue because, oh my god,
if all my thinking is in the cloud, I'll lose my privacy,
but actually, your thinking is already in the cloud.
All your email and messages and pictures and so on,
that's all in the cloud
and the technology of privacy is actually outpacing
the technology of disrupting privacy.
Encryption is the basis of privacy
and encryption technologies have outpaced decryption.
There was a time when people said,
"Oh my goodness, quantum computing is coming
and that's gonna be able to break any encryption code
and that'll be the end of privacy."
Quantum computing has not come, I'm dubious it ever will.
Quantum encryption, though, has come
and even just PGP, pretty good privacy,
using large factored numbers,
if you use 200-bit encryption, it's essentially unbreakable.
Ultimately, you could turn every molecule
into a computer in the universe
and you wouldn't be able to break it
in a billion years if you had enough bits of encryption.
And you'd only need like a 1000 bits for that.
So, we actually know how to keep information safe.
I think, ultimately privacy is alive and well.
There are legitimate social issues.
I mean, people want law enforcement to catch terrorists
before they cause destruction
but that means invading the privacy
of those terrorists.
So, there are real social and political issues
in where the proper balance is,
but it's not our thinking going to the cloud
that makes the issue of authentication of people's identity
an issue.
It is already.
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